Python单线程、多线程与多进程性能对比实测：GIL限制下的效率分析

import requests
import time
from threading import Thread
from multiprocessing import Process

def count(x, y):
  # 使程序完成150万计算
  c = 0
  while c < 500000:
    c += 1
    x += x
    y += y

def write():
  f = open("test.txt", "w")
  for x in range(5000000):
    f.write("testwrite\n")
  f.close()
 
def read():
  f = open("test.txt", "r")
  lines = f.readlines()
  f.close()

_head = {
      'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.116 Safari/537.36'}
url = "http://www.tieba.com"
def http_request():
  try:
    webPage = requests.get(url, headers=_head)
    html = webPage.text
    return {"context": html}
  except Exception as e:
    return {"error": e}

# CPU密集操作
t = time.time()
for x in range(10):
  count(1, 1)
print("Line cpu", time.time() - t)
 
# IO密集操作
t = time.time()
for x in range(10):
  write()
  read()
print("Line IO", time.time() - t)
 
# 网络请求密集型操作
t = time.time()
for x in range(10):
  http_request()
print("Line Http Request", time.time() - t)

counts = []
t = time.time()
for x in range(10):
  thread = Thread(target=count, args=(1,1))
  counts.append(thread)
  thread.start()
 
e = counts.__len__()
while True:
  for th in counts:
    if not th.is_alive():
      e -= 1
  if e <= 0:
    break
print(time.time() - t)

def io():
  write()
  read()
 
t = time.time()
ios = []
t = time.time()
for x in range(10):
  thread = Thread(target=count, args=(1,1))
  ios.append(thread)
  thread.start()
 
e = ios.__len__()
while True:
  for th in ios:
    if not th.is_alive():
      e -= 1
  if e <= 0:
    break
print(time.time() - t)

t = time.time()
ios = []
t = time.time()
for x in range(10):
  thread = Thread(target=http_request)
  ios.append(thread)
  thread.start()
 
e = ios.__len__()
while True:
  for th in ios:
    if not th.is_alive():
      e -= 1
  if e <= 0:
    break
print("Thread Http Request", time.time() - t)

counts = []
t = time.time()
for x in range(10):
  process = Process(target=count, args=(1,1))
  counts.append(process)
  process.start()
e = counts.__len__()
while True:
  for th in counts:
    if not th.is_alive():
      e -= 1
  if e <= 0:
    break
print("Multiprocess cpu", time.time() - t)

t = time.time()
ios = []
t = time.time()
for x in range(10):
  process = Process(target=io)
  ios.append(process)
  process.start()
 
e = ios.__len__()
while True:
  for th in ios:
    if not th.is_alive():
      e -= 1
  if e <= 0:
    break
print("Multiprocess IO", time.time() - t)

t = time.time()
httprs = []
t = time.time()
for x in range(10):
  process = Process(target=http_request)
  ios.append(process)
  process.start()
 
e = httprs.__len__()
while True:
  for th in httprs:
    if not th.is_alive():
      e -= 1
  if e <= 0:
    break
print("Multiprocess Http Request", time.time() - t)