Python APScheduler实战：阻塞与非阻塞调度模式详解

小石头

发布时间：2026-10-13 | 5人浏览过

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本文深入解析Python APScheduler库的两种核心调度模式：阻塞式（BlockingScheduler）与非阻塞式（BackgroundScheduler）。通过具体代码示例，详细演示了如何配置interval、date及cron三种触发器，涵盖单次执行、固定间隔及复杂Cron规则的实现方法，帮助开发者根据应用场景选择合适线程模型。

近期在探索Python调度框架APScheduler的应用过程中，整理出这份学习笔记，旨在分享相关使用心得。

# coding=utf-8
"""
Demonstrates how to use the background scheduler to schedule a job that executes on 3 second
intervals.
"""

from datetime import datetime
import time
import os

from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler


def tick():
  print('Tick! The time is: %s' % datetime.now())


if __name__ == '__main__':
  scheduler = BackgroundScheduler()
  scheduler.add_job(tick, 'interval', seconds=3)　　#间隔3秒钟执行一次
  scheduler.start()  #这里的调度任务是独立的一个线程
  print('Press Ctrl+{0} to exit'.format('Break' if os.name == 'nt' else 'C'))

  try:
    # This is here to simulate application activity (which keeps the main thread alive).
    while True:
      time.sleep(2)  #其他任务是独立的线程执行
      print('sleep!')
  except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
    # Not strictly necessary if daemonic mode is enabled but should be done if possible
    scheduler.shutdown()
    print('Exit The Job!')

非阻塞调度模式：在指定时间点执行单次任务。

# coding=utf-8
"""
Demonstrates how to use the background scheduler to schedule a job that executes on 3 second
intervals.
"""

from datetime import datetime
import time
import os

from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler


def tick():
  print('Tick! The time is: %s' % datetime.now())


if __name__ == '__main__':
  scheduler = BackgroundScheduler()
  #scheduler.add_job(tick, 'interval', seconds=3)
  scheduler.add_job(tick, 'date', run_date='2016-02-14 15:01:05')　　#在指定的时间，只执行一次
  scheduler.start()  #这里的调度任务是独立的一个线程
  print('Press Ctrl+{0} to exit'.format('Break' if os.name == 'nt' else 'C'))

  try:
    # This is here to simulate application activity (which keeps the main thread alive).
    while True:
      time.sleep(2)  #其他任务是独立的线程执行
      print('sleep!')
  except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
    # Not strictly necessary if daemonic mode is enabled but should be done if possible
    scheduler.shutdown()
    print('Exit The Job!')

非阻塞调度模式：采用Cron表达式执行定时任务。

# coding=utf-8
"""
Demonstrates how to use the background scheduler to schedule a job that executes on 3 second
intervals.
"""

from datetime import datetime
import time
import os

from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler


def tick():
  print('Tick! The time is: %s' % datetime.now())


if __name__ == '__main__':
  scheduler = BackgroundScheduler()
  #scheduler.add_job(tick, 'interval', seconds=3)
  #scheduler.add_job(tick, 'date', run_date='2016-02-14 15:01:05')
  scheduler.add_job(tick, 'cron', day_of_week='6', second='*/5')
  '''
    year (int|str) – 4-digit year
    month (int|str) – month (1-12)
    day (int|str) – day of the (1-31)
    week (int|str) – ISO week (1-53)
    day_of_week (int|str) – number or name of weekday (0-6 or mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat,sun)
    hour (int|str) – hour (0-23)
    minute (int|str) – minute (0-59)
    second (int|str) – second (0-59)
    
    start_date (datetime|str) – earliest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive)
    end_date (datetime|str) – latest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive)
    timezone (datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone to use for the date/time calculations (defaults to scheduler timezone)
  
    *  any  Fire on every value
    */a  any  Fire every a values, starting from the minimum
    a-b  any  Fire on any value within the a-b range (a must be smaller than b)
    a-b/c  any  Fire every c values within the a-b range
    xth y  day  Fire on the x -th occurrence of weekday y within the month
    last x  day  Fire on the last occurrence of weekday x within the month
    last  day  Fire on the last day within the month
    x,y,z  any  Fire on any matching expression; can combine any number of any of the above expressions
  '''
  scheduler.start()  #这里的调度任务是独立的一个线程
  print('Press Ctrl+{0} to exit'.format('Break' if os.name == 'nt' else 'C'))

  try:
    # This is here to simulate application activity (which keeps the main thread alive).
    while True:
      time.sleep(2)  #其他任务是独立的线程执行
      print('sleep!')
  except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
    # Not strictly necessary if daemonic mode is enabled but should be done if possible
    scheduler.shutdown()
    print('Exit The Job!')

阻塞调度模式：以3秒为间隔重复执行任务。

# coding=utf-8
"""
Demonstrates how to use the background scheduler to schedule a job that executes on 3 second
intervals.
"""

from datetime import datetime
import os

from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler


def tick():
  print('Tick! The time is: %s' % datetime.now())


if __name__ == '__main__':
  scheduler = BlockingScheduler()
  scheduler.add_job(tick, 'interval', seconds=3)
  
  print('Press Ctrl+{0} to exit'.format('Break' if os.name == 'nt' else 'C'))

  try:
    scheduler.start()  #采用的是阻塞的方式，只有一个线程专职做调度的任务
  except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
    # Not strictly necessary if daemonic mode is enabled but should be done if possible
    scheduler.shutdown()
    print('Exit The Job!')

阻塞调度模式：仅在指定时间执行一次任务。

# coding=utf-8
"""
Demonstrates how to use the background scheduler to schedule a job that executes on 3 second
intervals.
"""

from datetime import datetime
import os

from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler


def tick():
  print('Tick! The time is: %s' % datetime.now())


if __name__ == '__main__':
  scheduler = BlockingScheduler()
  scheduler.add_job(tick, 'date', run_date='2016-02-14 15:23:05')
  
  print('Press Ctrl+{0} to exit'.format('Break' if os.name == 'nt' else 'C'))

  try:
    scheduler.start()  #采用的是阻塞的方式，只有一个线程专职做调度的任务
  except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
    # Not strictly necessary if daemonic mode is enabled but should be done if possible
    scheduler.shutdown()
    print('Exit The Job!')

阻塞调度模式：基于Cron表达式进行调度。

# coding=utf-8
"""
Demonstrates how to use the background scheduler to schedule a job that executes on 3 second
intervals.
"""

from datetime import datetime
import os

from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler


def tick():
  print('Tick! The time is: %s' % datetime.now())


if __name__ == '__main__':
  scheduler = BlockingScheduler()
  scheduler.add_job(tick, 'cron', day_of_week='6', second='*/5')
  '''
    year (int|str) – 4-digit year
    month (int|str) – month (1-12)
    day (int|str) – day of the (1-31)
    week (int|str) – ISO week (1-53)
    day_of_week (int|str) – number or name of weekday (0-6 or mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat,sun)
    hour (int|str) – hour (0-23)
    minute (int|str) – minute (0-59)
    second (int|str) – second (0-59)
    
    start_date (datetime|str) – earliest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive)
    end_date (datetime|str) – latest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive)
    timezone (datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone to use for the date/time calculations (defaults to scheduler timezone)
  
    *  any  Fire on every value
    */a  any  Fire every a values, starting from the minimum
    a-b  any  Fire on any value within the a-b range (a must be smaller than b)
    a-b/c  any  Fire every c values within the a-b range
    xth y  day  Fire on the x -th occurrence of weekday y within the month
    last x  day  Fire on the last occurrence of weekday x within the month
    last  day  Fire on the last day within the month
    x,y,z  any  Fire on any matching expression; can combine any number of any of the above expressions
  '''
  
  print('Press Ctrl+{0} to exit'.format('Break' if os.name == 'nt' else 'C'))

  try:
    scheduler.start()  #采用的是阻塞的方式，只有一个线程专职做调度的任务
  except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
    # Not strictly necessary if daemonic mode is enabled but should be done if possible
    scheduler.shutdown()
    print('Exit The Job!')

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