Python实现简易HTTP服务器：从原理到代码详解

import socket
import sys
import getFileContent
#声明一个将要绑定的IP和端口，这里是用本地地址
server_address = ('localhost', 8080)
class WebServer():
  def run(self):
    print >>sys.stderr, 'starting up on %s port %s' % server_address
    #实例化一个Socket
    sock=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    #绑定IP和端口
    sock.bind(server_address)
    #设置监听
    sock.listen(1)
    #这里首先给个死循环，其实这里是需要多线程的，再后续版本将会实现
    while True:
      #接受客户端的请求并得到请求信息和请求的端口信息
      connection, client_address = sock.accept()
      print >>sys.stderr, 'waiting for a connection'
      try:
        #获取请求信息
        data = connection.recv(1024)
        if data:
          #发送请求信息
          connection.sendall(getFileContent.getHtmlFile(data))
      finally:
        connection.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
  server=WebServer()
  server.run()

import sys
import os

#得到要发送的数据信息
def getHtmlFile(data):
  msgSendtoClient=""
  requestType=data[0:data.find("/")].rstrip()
  #判断是GET请求还是POST请求
  if requestType=="GET":
    msgSendtoClient=responseGetRequest(data,msgSendtoClient)
  if requestType=="POST":
    msgSendtoClient=responsePostRequest(data,msgSendtoClient)
  return msgSendtoClient

#打开文件，这里不直接写，二是去取要发送的文件再写
def getFile(msgSendtoClient,file):
    for line in file:
     msgSendtoClient+=line
    return msgSendtoClient

#筛选出请求的一个方法
def getMidStr(data,startStr,endStr):
  startIndex = data.index(startStr)
  if startIndex>=0:
    startIndex += len(startStr)
    endIndex = data.index(endStr)
    return data[startIndex:endIndex]

#获取要发送数据的大小，根据HTTP协议规范，要提前指定发送的实体内容的大小
def getFileSize(fileobject):
  fileobject.seek(0,2)
  size = fileobject.tell()
  return size

#设置编码格式和文件类型
def setParaAndContext(msgSendtoClient,type,file,openFileType):
  msgSendtoClient+="Content-Type: "+type+";charset=utf-8"
  msgSendtoClient+="Content-Length: "+str(getFileSize(open(file,"r")))+"\n"+"\n"
  htmlFile=open(file,openFileType)
  msgSendtoClient=getFile(msgSendtoClient,htmlFile)
  return msgSendtoClient

#GET请求的返回数据
def responseGetRequest(data,msgSendtoClient):
  return responseRequest(getMidStr(data,'GET /','HTTP/1.1'),msgSendtoClient)

#POST请求的返回数据
def responsePostRequest(data,msgSendtoClient):
  return responseRequest(getMidStr(data,'POST /','HTTP/1.1'),msgSendtoClient)

#请求返回数据
def responseRequest(getRequestPath,msgSendtoClient):
  headFile=open("head.txt","r")
  msgSendtoClient=getFile(msgSendtoClient,headFile)
  if getRequestPath==" ":
    msgSendtoClient=setParaAndContext(msgSendtoClient,"text/html","index.html","r")
  else:
    rootPath=getRequestPath
    if os.path.exists(rootPath) and os.path.isfile(rootPath):
      if ".html" in rootPath:
        msgSendtoClient=setParaAndContext(msgSendtoClient,"text/html",rootPath,"r")
      if ".css" in rootPath:
        msgSendtoClient=setParaAndContext(msgSendtoClient,"text/css",rootPath,"r")
      if ".js" in rootPath:
        msgSendtoClient=setParaAndContext(msgSendtoClient,"application/x-javascript",rootPath,"r")
      if ".gif" in rootPath:
        msgSendtoClient=setParaAndContext(msgSendtoClient,"image/gif",rootPath,"rb")
      if ".doc" in rootPath:
        msgSendtoClient=setParaAndContext(msgSendtoClient,"application/msword",rootPath,"rb")
      if ".mp4" in rootPath:
        msgSendtoClient=setParaAndContext(msgSendtoClient,"video/mpeg4",rootPath,"rb")
    else:
      msgSendtoClient=setParaAndContext(msgSendtoClient,"application/x-javascript","file.js","r")
  return msgSendtoClient