Django Model 单表与多表关系操作详解
发布时间：2026-10-13 |
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本文详细解析 Django 中 Model 的单表及多表关系操作。涵盖单表的创建与删除，重点讲解一对多正向与反向查询、多对多的添加更新移除及反向操作。通过具体代码示例，展示如何利用 ForeignKey 和 ManyToManyField 实现数据关联，帮助开发者掌握 Django 数据库交互的核心技巧。
Django Model 单表基础操作
单表操作
增加数据
auther_obj = {"auther_name":"崔皓然","auther_age":1}
models.auther.objects.create(
**auther_obj
)
models.auther.objects.create(
auther_name="周雍博",
auther_age=4
)
obj = models.auther(
auther_name="崔洪艳",
auther_age=29
)
obj.save()
obj = models.auther(
auther_name = "王仙枝",
auther_age = "50"
)
obj.save()删除数据
models.auther.objects.filter(auther_name="崔洪艳")[0].delete()一对多关系（ForeignKey）处理
一对多操作
增加数据
a_obj = models.auther.objects.get(id=1)
models.book.objects.create(
book_name = "python课程1",
book_price = 12,
book_auther = a_obj
)
a_obj = models.auther.objects.get(id=5)
models.book.objects.create(
book_name = "java课程1",
book_price = 13,
book_auther_id = a_obj.id
)
a_obj = models.auther.objects.get(id=2)
book_dict = {
"book_name":"python课程2",
"book_price":14,
"book_auther_id":a_obj.id
}
obj = models.book.objects.create(
**book_dict
)
a_obj = models.auther.objects.get(id=4)
book_dict = {
"book_name":"java课程2",
"book_price":15,
"book_auther":a_obj
}
models.book.objects.create(
**book_dict
)一对多正向查询
# 查询id为2的书的所有作者的信息
obj = models.book.objects.get(id=2)
print(obj.book_auther.auther_name)
print(obj.book_auther.auther_age)
obj = models.book.objects.filter(id=2).values("book_name","book_price","book_auther__id","book_auther__auther_name","book_auther__auther_age")
print(obj)
# 查询id为2的作者的出版的书
obj = models.book.objects.filter(book_auther_id=2).values("book_name","book_price","book_auther__id","book_auther__auther_name","book_auther__auther_age")
print(obj)
obj = models.book.objects.get(book_auther_id=2)
print(obj.book_auther.auther_age)
print(obj.book_auther.auther_name)
print(obj.book_name)一对多反向查询
# 查看出版社出版的书
obj = models.auther.objects.filter(id=2).values("auther_name","auther_age","book__book_name")
print(obj)
obj = models.auther.objects.get(id=2).book_set.values("book_name","book_price","book_auther__id","book_auther__auther_name","book_auther__auther_age")
print(obj)多对多关系（ManyToManyField）处理
多对多操作
增加数据
b1 = models.book.objects.get(id=1)
b2 = models.book.objects.get(id=2)
b4 = models.book.objects.get(id=4)
b5 = models.book.objects.get(id=5)
models.publish.objects.get(id=1).publish_book.add(
b1,b2
)
book_list = [b1,b2]
models.publish.objects.get(id=2).publish_book.add(
*book_list
)更新数据
book_list = [b1,b2,b4,b5]
models.publish.objects.get(id=1).publish_book.set(book_list)移除数据
models.publish.objects.get(id=1).publish_book.remove(b1)
book_list = [b2, ]
models.publish.objects.get(id=1).publish_book.remove(*book_list) 正向查询
obj = models.publish.objects.get(id=1).publish_book.values("book_name","publish__publish_name")
print(obj)
obj = models.publish.objects.filter(id=1).values("publish_name","publish_book__book_name")
print(obj)反向添加数据
p1 = models.publish.objects.get(id=1)
p2 = models.publish.objects.get(id=2)
p3 = models.publish.objects.get(id=3)
b1.publish_set.add(p1,p2,p3)反向删除数据
b1.publish_set.remove(p1)反向更新数据，把remove替换为set就可以了
反向查询
obj = models.book.objects.get(id=1).publish_set.values("publish_name","publish_book__book_name")Model 关系参数与总结
model中多表关系和参数
多对多
一对一
model操作
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