利用Selenium与PhantomJS解决豆瓣读书反爬策略的Python爬虫实战

#导入需要的模块
from selenium import webdriver
import time
from lxml import etree
import pymysql
import re

#创建一个函数
def my_browers(url, page):

  # 获取浏览器对象
  browers = webdriver.PhantomJS(executable_path=r'd:\Desktop\pythonjs\phantomjs-2.1.1-windows\bin\phantomjs.exe')
  
  # 用浏览器发起请求
  browers.get(url)
  
  #休息两秒，频率低一点，爬的时间久一点，安全就多一点
  time.sleep(2)
  
   # 获取页面信息
  html = browers.page_source
  
  # 调用页面解析函数
  parse_html(html)
  
# 解析页面信息
def parse_html(html):

  # 生成一个xpath对象
  html = etree.HTML(html)

  # 获取所有的书籍信息列表
  books = html.xpath('//div[contains(@class,"sc-bZQynM")]')

  # 遍历每一本书籍 然后拿到我们想要的数据
  for book in books:
    # 创建一个存书字典存数据用
    book_dict = {}

    # 获取封面信息
    pic = book.xpath('//img/@src')
    if pic:
      book_dict['pic'] = pic[0]
    else:
      book_dict['pic'] = ''
    # print(pic)

    # 获取书名
    book_name = book.xpath('//div[@class="title"]/a/text()')
    # print(book_name)
    if book_name:
      book_name = book_name[0]
      # 删除书名中最后出现的引号，
      #由于存数据库的时候书名最后面的引号会导致数据库报错，删除可以使代码更健壮
      if '"' in book_name:
        pattern = re.compile(r'"')
        book_name = pattern.sub('', book_name)
      if "'" in book_name:
        pattern = re.compile(r"'")
        book_name = pattern.sub('', book_name)
        # 删除书名中最后出现的\，存数据的时候书名最后的\会把sql语句最后的引号转义，
        #删除可以使代码更健壮
      if '\\' in book_name:
        book_name = book_name[:-1]
      book_dict['book_name'] = book_name
    else:
      book_dict['book_name'] = ''

    # 获取书籍详情连接
    book_url = book.xpath('//div[@class="title"]/a/@href')
    if book_url:
      book_dict['book_url'] = book_url[0]
    else:
      book_dict['book_url'] = ''

    # 获取评分信息
    score_book = book.xpath('//span[@class="rating_nums"]/text()')
    if score_book:
      book_dict['score_book'] = score_book[0]
    else:
      book_dict['score_book'] = ''

    # 获取出版社信息
    book_detail = book.xpath('//div[@class="meta abstract"]/text()')
    if book_detail:
      # 删除书详情中最后出现的引号；
      book_detail = book_detail[0]
      if "'" in book_detail:
        pattern = re.compile(r"'")
        book_detail = pattern.sub('', book_detail)

      book_dict['book_detail'] = book_detail
    else:
      book_dict['book_detail'] = ''
    print(book_dict)

    # 调用数据库函数
    insert_mysql(book_dict)

# 插入数据库
def insert_mysql(book_dict):
  # 连接数据库
  conn = pymysql.connect('localhost', 'root', 'root', 'test', charset='utf8')

  # 创建操作数据库的对象
  cursor = conn.cursor()

  pic = book_dict['pic']
  book_name = book_dict['book_name']
  book_url = book_dict['book_url']
  score = book_dict['score_book']
  book_detail = book_dict['book_detail']

  sql = f"insert into python_book (pic,book_name,book_url,score,book_detail) " \
     f"VALUE ('{pic}','{book_name}','{book_url}','{score}','{book_detail}')"

  # 执行并提交
  cursor.execute(sql)
  conn.commit()


if __name__ == '__main__':
  for i in range(0, 199):
    print('=================下载第{}页========================'.format(i + 1))
    page = i * 15
    base_url = 'https://book.douban.com/subject_search?search_text=python&cat=1001&start={}'.format(page)
    my_browers(base_url, page)