Python实现单链表翻转的4种常用方法详解

代码实现与测试

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
链表逆序
'''
class ListNode: 
  def __init__(self,x): 
    self.val=x
    self.next=None
 
'''
第一种方法：
对于一个长度为n的单链表head,用一个大小为n的数组arr储存从单链表从头
到尾遍历的所有元素，在从arr尾到头读取元素简历一个新的单链表
时间消耗O(n),空间消耗O(n)
'''   
def reverse_linkedlist1(head):
  if head == None or head.next == None: #边界条件
    return head
  arr = [] # 空间消耗为n,n为单链表的长度
  while head:
    arr.append(head.val)
    head = head.next
  newhead = ListNode(0)
  tmp = newhead
  for i in arr[::-1]:
    tmp.next = ListNode(i)
    tmp = tmp.next
  return newhead.next
 
'''
开始以单链表的第一个元素为循环变量cur,并设置2个辅助变量tmp,保存数据;
newhead,新的翻转链表的表头。
时间消耗O(n),空间消耗O(1)
'''
 
def reverse_linkedlist2(head):
  if head == None or head.next == None: #边界条件
    return head
  cur = head #循环变量
  tmp = None #保存数据的临时变量
  newhead = None #新的翻转单链表的表头
  while cur:
    tmp = cur.next
    cur.next = newhead
    newhead = cur  # 更新 新链表的表头
    cur = tmp
  return newhead
   
'''
开始以单链表的第二个元素为循环变量，用2个变量循环向后操作,并设置1个辅助变量tmp,保存数据;
时间消耗O(n),空间消耗O(1)
'''
 
 
def reverse_linkedlist3(head):
  if head == None or head.next == None: #边界条件
    return head
  p1 = head #循环变量1
  p2 = head.next #循环变量2
  tmp = None #保存数据的临时变量
  while p2:
    tmp = p2.next
    p2.next = p1
    p1 = p2
    p2 = tmp
  head.next = None
  return p1
 
'''
递归操作，先将从第一个点开始翻转转换从下一个节点开始翻转
直至只剩一个节点
时间消耗O(n),空间消耗O(1)
'''
 
def reverse_linkedlist4(head):
  if head is None or head.next is None:
    return head
  else:
    newhead=reverse_linkedlist4(head.next)
    head.next.next=head
    head.next=None
  return newhead
 
     
def create_ll(arr):
  pre = ListNode(0)
  tmp = pre
  for i in arr:
    tmp.next = ListNode(i)
    tmp = tmp.next
  return pre.next
   
def print_ll(head):
  tmp = head
  while tmp:
    print tmp.val
    tmp=tmp.next
 
a = create_ll(range(5))
print_ll(a) # 0 1 2 3 4
a = reverse_linkedlist1(a)
print_ll(a) # 4 3 2 1 0
a = reverse_linkedlist2(a)
print_ll(a) # 0 1 2 3 4
a = reverse_linkedlist3(a)
print_ll(a) # 4 3 2 1 0
a = reverse_linkedlist4(a)
print_ll(a) # 0 1 2 3 4