在Jupyter Notebook中直接调用.ipynb文件的方法

叶初

发布时间：2026-10-13 | 3人浏览过

原创

本文介绍如何在Jupyter Notebook中直接导入和调用其他.ipynb文件。通过创建一个名为Ipynb_importer.py的解析器脚本，可以将.ipynb文件加载到内存中作为Python模块使用，从而解决直接调用notebook文件时的报错问题。

Jupyter Notebook调用.ipynb文件的背景与官方方案

通常情况下，Jupyter Notebook环境仅支持直接调用标准的.py文件。如果尝试直接导入另一个.ipynb文件，系统通常会抛出错误。

Jupyter Notebook官方文档提供了解决这一限制的一种简便方案。

具体方法参考官方文档：http://jupyter-notebook.readthedocs.io/en/latest/examples/Notebook/Importing%20Notebooks.html

实现原理与Ipynb_importer配置

实现该功能需要添加一个Jupyter Notebook解析器。

首先，你需要创建一个Python文件，命名为Ipynb_importer.py，并写入以下代码：


import io, os,sys,types
from IPython import get_ipython
from nbformat import read
from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell

class NotebookFinder(object):
 """Module finder that locates Jupyter Notebooks"""
 def __init__(self):
  self.loaders = {}

 def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
  nb_path = find_notebook(fullname, path)
  if not nb_path:
   return

  key = path
  if path:
   # lists aren't hashable
   key = os.path.sep.join(path)

  if key not in self.loaders:
   self.loaders[key] = NotebookLoader(path)
  return self.loaders[key]

def find_notebook(fullname, path=None):
 """find a notebook, given its fully qualified name and an optional path

 This turns "foo.bar" into "foo/bar.ipynb"
 and tries turning "Foo_Bar" into "Foo Bar" if Foo_Bar
 does not exist.
 """
 name = fullname.rsplit('.', 1)[-1]
 if not path:
  path = ['']
 for d in path:
  nb_path = os.path.join(d, name + ".ipynb")
  if os.path.isfile(nb_path):
   return nb_path
  # let import Notebook_Name find "Notebook Name.ipynb"
  nb_path = nb_path.replace("_", " ")
  if os.path.isfile(nb_path):
   return nb_path

class NotebookLoader(object):
 """Module Loader for Jupyter Notebooks"""
 def __init__(self, path=None):
  self.shell = InteractiveShell.instance()
  self.path = path

 def load_module(self, fullname):
  """import a notebook as a module"""
  path = find_notebook(fullname, self.path)

  print ("importing Jupyter notebook from %s" % path)

  # load the notebook object
  with io.open(path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
   nb = read(f, 4)


  # create the module and add it to sys.modules
  # if name in sys.modules:
  # return sys.modules[name]
  mod = types.ModuleType(fullname)
  mod.__file__ = path
  mod.__loader__ = self
  mod.__dict__['get_ipython'] = get_ipython
  sys.modules[fullname] = mod

  # extra work to ensure that magics that would affect the user_ns
  # actually affect the notebook module's ns
  save_user_ns = self.shell.user_ns
  self.shell.user_ns = mod.__dict__

  try:
   for cell in nb.cells:
   if cell.cell_type == 'code':
    # transform the input to executable Python
    code = self.shell.input_transformer_manager.transform_cell(cell.source)
    # run the code in themodule
    exec(code, mod.__dict__)
  finally:
   self.shell.user_ns = save_user_ns
  return mod
sys.meta_path.append(NotebookFinder())

配置完成后，即可在Jupyter Notebook中调用模块。

只需将Ipynb_importer.py文件放置在工作目录下，即可正常调用所有的Jupyter Notebook文件。该方法的原理是利用自定义的解析器读取.ipynb文件，将其中的代码模块加载到内存中，进而供其他Python脚本或Notebook调用。

简单调用示例：foo.ipynb

接下来，新建一个名为foo.ipynb的文件。


def foo():
 print("foo")

随后，再创建另一个.ipynb文件，用于调用上述foo文件。


import Ipynb_importer
import foo
foo.foo()

执行后的运行结果如下：

importing Jupyter notebook from foo.ipynb foo

进阶应用：主函数调用类文件的解决方案

补充知识：Jupyter Notebook中主函数文件如何调用类文件

在使用Jupyter Notebook编写Python程序时，若rw_visual.ipynb作为主函数，random_walk.ipynb作为类定义文件（如图所示），直接在主函数中实例化该类运行会报错。经查阅资料发现，问题在于缺少Ipynb_importer.py这一链接文件。

解决步骤如下：

1、在相同路径下创建名为Ipynb_importer.py的文件：通过File菜单选择Download as -> Python (.py)，该文件内容如下：


#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
# In[ ]:
 
import io, os,sys,types
from IPython import get_ipython
from nbformat import read
from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
 
class NotebookFinder(object):
 """Module finder that locates Jupyter Notebooks"""
 def __init__(self):
  self.loaders = {}
 
 def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
  nb_path = find_notebook(fullname, path)
  if not nb_path:
   return
 
  key = path
  if path:
   # lists aren't hashable
   key = os.path.sep.join(path)
 
  if key not in self.loaders:
   self.loaders[key] = NotebookLoader(path)
  return self.loaders[key]
 
def find_notebook(fullname, path=None):
 """find a notebook, given its fully qualified name and an optional path
 This turns "foo.bar" into "foo/bar.ipynb"
 and tries turning "Foo_Bar" into "Foo Bar" if Foo_Bar
 does not exist.
 """
 name = fullname.rsplit('.', 1)[-1]
 if not path:
  path = ['']
 for d in path:
  nb_path = os.path.join(d, name + ".ipynb")
  if os.path.isfile(nb_path):
   return nb_path
  # let import Notebook_Name find "Notebook Name.ipynb"
  nb_path = nb_path.replace("_", " ")
  if os.path.isfile(nb_path):
   return nb_path
 
class NotebookLoader(object):
 """Module Loader for Jupyter Notebooks"""
 def __init__(self, path=None):
  self.shell = InteractiveShell.instance()
  self.path = path
 
 def load_module(self, fullname):
  """import a notebook as a module"""
  path = find_notebook(fullname, self.path)
 
  print ("importing Jupyter notebook from %s" % path)
 
  # load the notebook object
  with io.open(path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
   nb = read(f, 4)
 
 
  # create the module and add it to sys.modules
  # if name in sys.modules:
  # return sys.modules[name]
  mod = types.ModuleType(fullname)
  mod.__file__ = path
  mod.__loader__ = self
  mod.__dict__['get_ipython'] = get_ipython
  sys.modules[fullname] = mod
 
  # extra work to ensure that magics that would affect the user_ns
  # actually affect the notebook module's ns
  save_user_ns = self.shell.user_ns
  self.shell.user_ns = mod.__dict__
 
  try:
   for cell in nb.cells:
   if cell.cell_type == 'code':
    # transform the input to executable Python
    code = self.shell.input_transformer_manager.transform_cell(cell.source)
    # run the code in themodule
    exec(code, mod.__dict__)
  finally:
   self.shell.user_ns = save_user_ns
  return mod
sys.meta_path.append(NotebookFinder())

2、在主函数文件中导入Ipynb_importer模块。


import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import Ipynb_importer
 
from random_walk import RandomWalk
 
rw = RandomWalk()
rw.fill_walk()
plt.scatter(rw.x_values, rw.y_values, s=15)
plt.show()

3、运行主函数，此时调用即可成功。

注：random_walk.ipynb文件的具体内容如下：


from random import choice
 
class RandomWalk():
 def __init__(self, num_points=5000):
  self.num_points = num_points
  self.x_values = [0]
  self.y_values = [0]
  
 def fill_walk(self):
  while len(self.x_values) < self.num_points:
   x_direction = choice([1,-1])
   x_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])
   x_step = x_direction * x_distance
   
   y_direction = choice([1,-1])
   y_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])
   y_step = y_direction * y_distance
   
   if x_step == 0 and y_step == 0:
    continue
    
   next_x = self.x_values[-1] + x_step
   next_y = self.y_values[-1] + y_step
   
   self.x_values.append(next_x)
   self.y_values.append(next_y)

运行结果展示：