Python logging自定义字段输出及打印颜色

小林子

发布时间：2026-10-14 | 3人浏览过

原创

本文详解Python标准库logging的高级用法，包括通过自定义Filter类添加server、ip等自定义字段，以及利用colorlog库实现控制台日志的彩色分级显示。提供完整代码示例，涵盖日志格式配置、文件轮转及颜色映射，帮助开发者优化日志可读性与调试效率。

Python logging模块概述

logging模块是Python内置的标准库，旨在为应用程序提供灵活且强大的日志记录功能。

在Python中，记录日志主要支持两种实现路径：

第一种是利用logging提供的模块级便捷函数，例如logging.basicConfig()、logging.debug()、logging.info()等，适合快速简单的场景。

第二种是构建完整的日志组件体系，包括Logger（记录器）、Handler（处理器）、Filter（过滤器）和Formatter（格式化器），这种方式提供了更高的配置自由度和控制力。

自定义日志字段实现

接下来通过一个基础示例展示如何配置日志输出。


import json
import logging


class JsonFilter(logging.Filter):
  #此处定义字段的默认值,如果打印信息时不设置对应字段，则为默认值
  #服务服务名或者服务主机
  server = ""
  #访问ip
  ip = ""
  #访问资源路径
  sourceurl = ""
  #访问方式
  method = ""
  # 访问设备
  devices = ""
  # 访问协议
  Protocols = ""
  #访问结果的HTTP状态码
  result_Httpstatus = ""
  #访问结果的状态码
  result_status = ""
  #访问结果的msg信息
  result_msg = ""
  #访问结果的数据大小
  result_msgsize = ""
  def filter(self, record):
    record.server = self.server
    record.ip = self.ip
    record.sourceurl = self.sourceurl
    record.method = self.method
    record.devices = self.devices
    record.Protocols = self.Protocols
    record.result_Httpstatus = self.result_Httpstatus
    record.result_status = self.result_status
    record.result_msg = self.result_msg
    record.result_msgsize = self.result_msgsize
    return True



if __name__ == '__main__':

  formate = json.dumps({
  "time": "%(asctime)s",
  "levelname": "%(levelname)s",
  "server": "%(server)s",
  "ip": "%(ip)s",
  "sourceurl": "%(sourceurl)s",
  "method": "%(method)s",
  "devices": "%(devices)s",
  "Protocols": "%(Protocols)s",
  "result_Httpstatus": "%(result_Httpstatus)s",
  "result_status": "%(result_status)s",
  "result_msg": "%(result_msg)s",
  "result_msgsize": "%(result_msgsize)s",
  })
  logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,format=formate)
  logger = logging.getLogger()
  filter_ = JsonFilter()
  logger.addFilter(filter_)

  filter_.server = '127.0.0.1:8100'
  filter_.ip = '127.0.0.1'
  filter_.sourceurl = 'http://127.0.0.1:8100/test'
  filter_.method = 'Get'
  filter_.devices = 'Chrome'
  filter_.Protocols = 'HTTP'
  filter_.result_Httpstatus = '200'
  filter_.result_status = '1001'
  filter_.result_msg = '增加成功'
  filter_.result_msgsize = '4296'
  logger.info("") #如果你需要在打印字段中设置

下面是一个包含完整配置的实际应用案例，展示了如何初始化日志器并添加自定义过滤器。


import logging
import os
from logging import handlers


class JsonFilter(logging.Filter):
  # 此处定义字段的默认值,如果打印信息时不设置对应字段，则为默认值
  # 服务服务名或者服务主机
  server = ""
  # 访问ip
  ip = ""
  # 访问资源路径
  sourceurl = ""
  # 访问方式
  method = ""
  # 访问设备
  devices = ""
  # 访问协议
  Protocols = ""
  # 访问结果的HTTP状态码
  result_Httpstatus = ""
  # 访问结果的状态码
  result_status = ""
  # 访问结果的msg信息
  result_msg = ""
  # 访问结果的数据大小
  result_msgsize = ""
  def filter(self, record):
    record.server = self.server
    record.ip = self.ip
    record.sourceurl = self.sourceurl
    record.method = self.method
    record.devices = self.devices
    record.Protocols = self.Protocols
    record.result_Httpstatus = self.result_Httpstatus
    record.result_status = self.result_status
    record.result_msg = self.result_msg
    record.result_msgsize = self.result_msgsize
    return True


class CommonLog(object):
  """
  日志记录
  """
  def __init__(self, logger, logname='Access_log'):
    self.logname = os.path.join("D:\python protest\protest", '%s' % logname)
    self.logger = logger
    self.logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
    self.logger.propagate = False
    self.filter_ = JsonFilter()
    self.logger.addFilter(self.filter_)
    self.formatter = logging.Formatter("time:%(asctime)s - levelname:%(levelname)s - server:%(server)s - ip:%(ip)s - sourceurl:%(sourceurl)s - method:%(method)s - devices:%(devices)s - Protocols:%(Protocols)s - result_Httpstatus:%(result_Httpstatus)s - result_status:%(result_status)s - result_msg:%(result_msg)s - result_msgsize:%(result_msgsize)s ")
  def console(self, level, message):
    # 创建一个FileHandler，用于写到本地
    fh = logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(self.logname, when='MIDNIGHT', interval=1, encoding='utf-8')
    fh.suffix = '%Y-%m-%d.log'
    fh.setLevel(logging.INFO)
    fh.setFormatter(self.formatter)
    self.logger.addHandler(fh)

    # 创建一个StreamHandler,用于输出到控制台
    ch = logging.StreamHandler()
    ch.setLevel(logging.INFO)
    ch.setFormatter(self.formatter)
    self.logger.addHandler(ch)

    if level == 'info':
      self.logger.info(message)
    elif level == 'debug':
      self.logger.debug(message)
    elif level == 'warning':
      self.logger.warning(message)
    elif level == 'error':
      self.logger.error(message)
    # 这两行代码是为了避免日志输出重复问题
    self.logger.removeHandler(ch)
    self.logger.removeHandler(fh)
    # 关闭打开的文件
    fh.close()

  def debug(self, message):
    self.console('debug', message)

  def info(self, message):
    self.console('info', message)

  def warning(self, message):
    self.console('warning', message)

  def error(self, message):
    self.console('error', message)


if __name__ == '__main__':
  logger = logging.getLogger()
  log = CommonLog(logger)
  log.filter_.server = '127.0.0.1:8100'
  log.filter_.ip = '127.0.0.1'
  log.filter_.sourceurl = 'http://127.0.0.1:8100/test'
  log.filter_.method = 'Get'
  log.filter_.devices = 'Chrome'
  log.filter_.Protocols = 'HTTP'
  log.filter_.result_Httpstatus = '200'
  log.filter_.result_status = '1001'
  log.filter_.result_msg = '增加成功'
  log.filter_.result_msgsize = '4296'
  log.info("")

控制台日志颜色配置

为了提升控制台输出的可读性，可以通过配置颜色映射来实现不同级别日志的彩色显示。


# coding:utf-8
import logging
import os
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler # 
import colorlog # 控制台日志输入颜色




log_colors_config = {
  'DEBUG': 'cyan',
  'INFO': 'green',
  'WARNING': 'yellow',
  'ERROR': 'red',
  'CRITICAL': 'red',
}


class Log:
  def __init__(self, logname='Access_log'):
    self.logname = os.path.join("D:\python_protest\protest", '%s' % logname)
    self.logger = logging.getLogger()
    self.logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    self.formatter = colorlog.ColoredFormatter(
    '%(log_color)s[%(asctime)s] [%(filename)s:%(lineno)d] [%(module)s:%(funcName)s] [%(levelname)s]- %(message)s',
    log_colors=log_colors_config) # 日志输出格式
  def console(self, level, message):
    # 创建一个FileHandler，用于写到本地
    fh = logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(self.logname, when='MIDNIGHT', interval=1, encoding='utf-8')
    fh.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    fh.setFormatter(self.formatter)
    self.logger.addHandler(fh)

    # 创建一个StreamHandler,用于输出到控制台
    ch = logging.StreamHandler()
    ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    ch.setFormatter(self.formatter)
    self.logger.addHandler(ch)

    if level == 'info':
      self.logger.info(message)
    elif level == 'debug':
      self.logger.debug(message)
    elif level == 'warning':
      self.logger.warning(message)
    elif level == 'error':
      self.logger.error(message)
    # 这两行代码是为了避免日志输出重复问题
    self.logger.removeHandler(ch)
    self.logger.removeHandler(fh)
    fh.close() # 关闭打开的文件

  def debug(self, message):
    self.console('debug', message)

  def info(self, message):
    self.console('info', message)

  def warning(self, message):
    self.console('warning', message)

  def error(self, message):
    self.console('error', message)


if __name__ == "__main__":
  log = Log()
  log.info("测试1") # 如果你需要在打印字段中设置
  log.debug("测试2") # 如果你需要在打印字段中设置

以上内容涵盖了Python logging模块在自定义字段和颜色输出方面的核心配置方法，希望能为您的开发工作提供实用参考。