Python XML处理实战：解析、修改与构建文档全指南

沈亦白

发布时间：2026-10-14 | 6人浏览过

原创

本文详细介绍Python中利用xml.etree.ElementTree模块处理XML文件的核心方法。内容涵盖从文件读取根节点、遍历子节点与属性，到精准查找特定标签数据。同时演示如何修改节点内容与属性、删除节点并保存文件，以及通过Element和makeelement两种方式构建新的XML文档结构，提供完整代码示例供参考。

XML基础与Python处理概述

XML（可扩展标记语言）是一种轻量级的数据存储与传输格式，其设计初衷旨在简化数据的存储与交换过程，广泛应用于不同系统间的数据交互场景。

在Python生态中，处理XML数据主要依赖标准库提供的多种便捷方法，能够高效完成从解析到生成的各类任务。

XML文件的读取与内容解析

读取文件和内容


#引用xml模块
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

# ET去打开xml文件
tree = ET.parse("files/xo.xml")

# 获取根标签
root = tree.getroot()

print(root) # <Element 'data' at 0x7f94e02763b0>


from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

content = """
<data>
  <country name="Liechtenstein">
    <rank updated="yes">2</rank>
    <year>2023</year>
    <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
  </country>
   <country name="Panama">
    <rank updated="yes">69</rank>
    <year>2026</year>
    <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
  </country>
</data>
"""

root = ET.XML(content) # 获取根标签 
print(root) # <Element 'data' at 0x7fdaa019cea0>

节点数据的查找与遍历

读取节点数据


from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

content = """
<data>
  <country name="Liechtenstein" id="999" >
    <rank>2</rank>
    <year>2023</year>
    <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
  </country>
   <country name="Panama">
    <rank>69</rank>
    <year>2026</year>
    <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
  </country>
</data>
"""

# 获取根标签 data
root = ET.XML(content)

country_object = root.find("country") # 获取XML文件中的country标签
print(country_object.tag, country_object.attrib)# 获取country标签名  获取country标签地属性
gdppc_object = country_object.find("gdppc")# 获取gdppc标签
print(gdppc_object.tag,gdppc_object.attrib,gdppc_object.text)# 获取gdppc标签的名称  获取gdppc属性(没有属性为:{}) 获取gdppc标签里面的内容


from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

content = """
<data>
  <country name="Liechtenstein">
    <rank>2</rank>
    <year>2023</year>
    <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
  </country>
   <country name="Panama">
    <rank>69</rank>
    <year>2026</year>
    <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
  </country>
</data>
"""

# 获取根标签 data
root = ET.XML(content)

# 获取data标签的孩子标签
for child in root:
  # child.tag = conntry 获取到两个country标签
  # child.attrib = {"name":"Liechtenstein"}
  print(child.tag, child.attrib)
  for node in child:
    print(node.tag, node.attrib, node.text) # 获取到reank标签


from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

content = """
<data>
  <country name="Liechtenstein">
    <rank>2</rank>
    <year>2023</year>
    <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
  </country>
   <country name="Panama">
    <rank>69</rank>
    <year>2026</year>
    <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
  </country>
</data>
"""

root = ET.XML(content)

# 找到子子孙孙的year标签
for child in root.iter('year'):
  print(child.tag, child.text)


from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

content = """
<data>
  <country name="Liechtenstein">
    <rank>2</rank>
    <year>2023</year>
    <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
  </country>
   <country name="Panama">
    <rank>69</rank>
    <year>2026</year>
    <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
  </country>
</data>
"""

root = ET.XML(content)
v1 = root.findall('country') # 找到所有的country标签
print(v1)

v2 = root.find('country').find('rank') # 找到country标签中的rank标签
print(v2.text)

节点的修改、删除与文件保存

删除和修改节点


from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

content = """
<data>
  <country name="Liechtenstein">
    <rank>2</rank>
    <year>2023</year>
    <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
  </country>
   <country name="Panama">
    <rank>69</rank>
    <year>2026</year>
    <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
    <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
  </country>
</data>
"""

root = ET.XML(content)

# 修改节点内容和属性
rank = root.find('country').find('rank')
print(rank.text)
rank.text = "999" # 修改rank标签里面的内容
rank.set('update', '2020-11-11') # 为rank标签新增一个update属性
print(rank.text, rank.attrib)
############ 保存文件 ############
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write("new.xml", encoding='utf-8')

# 删除节点
root.remove( root.find('country') )
print(root.findall('country'))

############ 保存文件 ############
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write("newnew.xml", encoding='utf-8')

XML文档的构建与生成方法


<home>
  <son name="儿1">
    <grandson name="儿11"></grandson>
    <grandson name="儿12"></grandson>
  </son>
  <son name="儿2"></son>
</home>


from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

# 创建根标签
root = ET.Element("home")

# 创建节点大儿子
son1 = ET.Element('son', {'name': '儿1'})
# 创建小儿子
son2 = ET.Element('son', {"name": '儿2'})

# 在大儿子中创建两个孙子
grandson1 = ET.Element('grandson', {'name': '儿11'})
grandson2 = ET.Element('grandson', {'name': '儿12'})
son1.append(grandson1)
son1.append(grandson2)

# 把儿子添加到根节点中
root.append(son1)
root.append(son2)

tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write('oooo.xml', encoding='utf-8', short_empty_elements=False) #short_empty_elements 是否采取短标签的形式创建


<famliy>
  <son name="儿1">
    <grandson name="儿11"></grandson>
    <grandson name="儿12"></grandson>
  </son>
  <son name="儿2"></son>
</famliy>


from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

# 创建根节点
root = ET.Element("famliy")


# 创建大儿子
son1 = root.makeelement('son', {'name': '儿1'})
# 创建小儿子
son2 = root.makeelement('son', {"name": '儿2'})

# 在大儿子中创建两个孙子
grandson1 = son1.makeelement('grandson', {'name': '儿11'})
grandson2 = son1.makeelement('grandson', {'name': '儿12'})

son1.append(grandson1)
son1.append(grandson2)


# 把儿子添加到根节点中
root.append(son1)
root.append(son2)

tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write('oooo.xml',encoding='utf-8')


<famliy>
	<son name="儿1">
  	<age name="儿11">孙子</age>
  </son>
	<son name="儿2"></son>
</famliy>


from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET


# 创建根节点
root = ET.Element("famliy")


# 创建节点大儿子
son1 = ET.SubElement(root, "son", attrib={'name': '儿1'})
# 创建小儿子
son2 = ET.SubElement(root, "son", attrib={"name": "儿2"})

# 在大儿子中创建一个孙子
grandson1 = ET.SubElement(son1, "age", attrib={'name': '儿11'})
grandson1.text = '孙子'


et = ET.ElementTree(root) #生成文档对象
et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8")


<user><![CDATA[你好呀]]</user>


from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

# 创建根节点
root = ET.Element("user")
root.text = "<![CDATA[你好呀]]"

et = ET.ElementTree(root) # 生成文档对象
et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8")

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