Python实现带超时机制的简单邮件发送客户端

洛溪
洛溪
发布时间:2026-10-12 | 2人浏览过
原创

本文介绍一个基于Python的简单邮件发送客户端示例,重点演示smtplib库的使用及通过signal.alarm实现的超时机制。文章提供了包含SMTP服务器、账号密码的配置文件模板,并展示了如何配置不同邮箱服务商(如163、QQ)的发信参数,旨在为学习者提供可参考的代码实现。

该脚本代码结构较为简洁,主要目的是供技术学习与参考。核心内容在于展示smtplib库的具体用法,以及利用signal.alarm模块来实现网络连接或发送过程中的超时控制机制。

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import time
import sys
import logging
import smtplib
import socket 
import signal
import ConfigParser
from datetime import datetime
from email import encoders
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr

CONF_PATH = "/etc/zabbix/alarm_email.conf"
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
          format='%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s]: %(message)s',
          filename='/var/log/zabbix/send_alarm_email.log')
class EmailObject:
  def __init__(self,to_addr,content):
    self.timeout = 10
    self.retry = 3
    self.cp = self._parse_config()
    self.cpl = self._parse_config().sections()
    self.conf = dict(self.cp.items(self.cpl[0])) 
    # common how to use one
    self.to_addr = to_addr
    self.content = content
  # get ConfigParser,for section selection
  def _parse_config(self):
    cp = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
    cp.read(CONF_PATH)
    return cp
  # set base config
  def _conf_parse(self):
    self.subject = "zabbix告警"
    self.from_addr = self.conf["from_addr"]
    self.password = self.conf["password"]
    self.smtp_server = self.conf["smtp_server"]
  def _msg_parse(self):
    #msg = self.content.split("*")
    #state = "alarm" if msg[0] == "PROBLEM" else "ok"
    #severity = msg[1]
    #head_time = map(int,msg[2].split("."))
    #tail_time = map(int,msg[3].split(":"))
    ## if not host?
    #event_type = "host." + msg[4]
    #reason = msg[5].replace("_"," ")
    #alarm_id = int(msg[6])
    #message = msg
    return self.content
  def _change_server(self):
    # if len = 1 and this fun is called,means that all servers hava been tried
    if(len(self.cpl) > 1):
      self.cpl.pop(0)
      self.retry = 3
      self.conf = dict(self.cp.items(self.cpl[0]))
      logging.info("Change server to {}".format(self.cpl[0]))
      self.send_email()
    else:
      logging.warning("No server could be used,try to config more server(now is {}) or increase the timeout [{}]!".format(self.cp.sections(),self.timeout))
      exit()
 
  def send_email(self):
    # signal handle  
    def handler(signum,frame):
      if self.retry > 0:
        raise AssertionError
      else:
        self._change_server()
    self._conf_parse()
    from_addr = self.from_addr 
    password = self.password
    smtp_server = self.smtp_server
    timeout = self.timeout
    to_addr = self.to_addr
    msg = MIMEText(self.content,'plain','utf-8')
    msg['Subject'] = Header(self.subject, 'utf-8')
    msg['From'] = 'AlarmEmail'+'<'+from_addr+'>'  
    msg['To'] = "******@******.com"
    
    try:
      signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM,handler)
      signal.alarm(timeout)
      server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtp_server,465)
      server.login(from_addr, password)
      server.sendmail(from_addr,to_addr, msg.as_string())
      logging.info("Send email successfully!From:[{}],To:[{}],Content:[{}]".format(from_addr,to_addr,self.content))
      server.quit()
      exit()
    except AssertionError:
      self.retry -= 1
      logging.info("Begin to resend email for the {}th times".format(3-self.retry))
      self.send_email()
    except smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError,e:
      logging.error("Server [{}] authentication failed".format(smtp_server))
      self._change_server()
'''
example:
from emailtest import emailtest

eb = emailtest.EmailObject("******@******.com","test content")
eb.send_email()
tips:
increase timeout:
  eb.timeout = 10
increase retry times:
  eb.retry = 5
'''

具体的配置文件配置方式可参考以下格式:

[default] from_addr = ******@******.com password = ****** smtp_server = smtp.******.com [163] from_addr = ******@163.com password = ****** smtp_server = smtp.163.com [qq] from_addr = ******@qq.com password = ****** smtp_server = smtp.qq.com

以上便是利用Python实现简单邮件发送客户端的完整示例内容,希望能为读者提供有价值的参考,同时也欢迎大家继续支持本站获取更多技术分享。

相关标签:

本站声明

本文内容仅供参考,不代表本站观点。转载或引用请注明出处。如发现内容问题,请通过联系我们页面反馈。

Python 相关产品和应用

全部下载

专题列表