Python实现按原目录结构备份文件的脚本

雨后青山

发布时间：2026-10-13 | 4人浏览过

原创

本文介绍一个使用Python编写的文件备份脚本，能够按照原始目录结构将指定文件夹下的所有文件完整备份到目标路径。脚本利用os.walk遍历目录，并通过自定义函数处理路径前缀，确保备份后的文件层级与源目录一致。代码包含详细注释，适用于Windows和Linux环境，适合需要定期备份项目文件的开发者参考。

实际运行效果如下：假设源目录为"/media/data/programmer/project/python"，目标备份路径为"/home/diegoyun/backup/"，脚本会将源目录下的所有文件及其子目录结构完整复制到备份路径中，生成的备份目录结构示例如下：

/home/diegoyun/backup/yyyymmddHHMMSS/python/xxx/yyy/zzz.....

复制代码代码如下:

import os 
import shutil 
import datetime 

def mainLogic(): 
    #add dirs you want to copy 
    backdir="I:\\backup"     
    copydirs=[] 
    copydirs.append("D:\\programmer") 
    copydirs.append("D:\\diegyun")     

    print "Copying files ===================" 
    start=datetime.datetime.now() 

    #gen a data folder for backup 
    backdir=os.path.join(backdir,start.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")) 
    #print "backdir is:"+backdir 

     
    kc=0 
    for d in copydirs: 
        kc=kc+copyFiles(d,backdir) 

    end=datetime.datetime.now() 
    print "Finished! ===================" 
    print "Total files : " + str(kc)  
    print "Elapsed time : " + str((end-start).seconds)+" seconds" 

def copyFiles(copydir,backdir): 
    prefix=getPathPrefix(copydir) 
    #print "prefix is:"+prefix     

    i=0 
    for dirpath,dirnames,filenames in os.walk(copydir): 
        for name in filenames: 
            oldpath=os.path.join(dirpath,name) 
            newpath=omitPrefix(dirpath,prefix) 
            print "backdir is:"+backdir             
            newpath=os.path.join(backdir,newpath) 
            print "newpath is:"+newpath 

            if os.path.exists(newpath)!=True: 
                os.makedirs(newpath)   
            newpath=os.path.join(newpath,name) 
            print "From:"+oldpath+" to:"+newpath 
            shutil.copyfile(oldpath,newpath) 
            i=i+1 
    return i     

def getPathPrefix(fullpath): 
    #Giving /media/data/programmer/project/ , get the prefix 
    #/media/data/programmer/ 
    l=fullpath.split(os.path.sep) 
    #print str(l[-1]=="")     
    if l[-1]=="": 
        tmp=l[-2] 
    else: 
        tmp=l[-1] 
    return fullpath[0:len(fullpath)-len(tmp)-1] 

def omitPrefix(fullpath,prefix): 
    #Giving /media/data/programmer/project/python/tutotial/file/test.py , 
    #and prefix is Giving /media/data/programmer/project/, 
    #return path as python/tutotial/file/test.py 
    return fullpath[len(prefix)+1:] 

mainLogic() 