Python实现图像识别求解数独：从照片到答案

叶初

发布时间：2026-10-14 | 6人浏览过

原创

本文介绍使用Python实现图像识别并自动求解数独的方法。通过提取图像中的数字轮廓，利用KNN算法识别具体数值，生成未求解列表后调用求解器得出结果，并在原图中标记显示。整个过程平均耗时0.5秒，展示了计算机视觉在逻辑游戏求解中的应用。

Python图像识别数独项目概述

近期在尝试数独游戏时，萌生了一个想法：开发一个能自动识别图像并求解数独的程序。实测发现，从输入图像到输出结果，整个过程平均仅需0.5秒。

整体实现逻辑并不复杂，主要分为两个阶段：首先识别图像中的数字并转换为列表数据，随后对该列表进行逻辑求解。

程序输入输出演示

以下是程序输入与输出的演示效果。

测试用的数独图像取自微软自带的Microsoft Sudoku软件随机截取，具体画面如下所示：

经过程序自动求解后，生成的最终结果展示如下：


def getFollow(varset, terminalset, first_dic, production_list):
    follow_dic = {}
    done = {}
    for var in varset:
        follow_dic[var] = set()
        done[var] = 0
    follow_dic["A1"].add("#")
    # for var in terminalset:
    #     follow_dic[var]=set()
    #     done[var] = 0
    for var in follow_dic:
        getFollowForVar(var, varset, terminalset, first_dic, production_list, follow_dic, done)
    return follow_dic
  
  
def getFollowForVar(var, varset, terminalset, first_dic, production_list, follow_dic, done):
    if done[var] == 1:
        return
    for production in production_list:
        if var in production.right:
            ##index这里在某些极端情况下有bug，比如多次出现var，index只会返回最左侧的
            if production.right.index(var) != len(production.right) - 1:
                follow_dic[var] = first_dic[production.right[production.right.index(var) + 1]] | follow_dic[var]
            # 没有考虑右边有非终结符但是为null的情况
            if production.right[len(production.right) - 1] == var:
                if var != production.left[0]:
                    # print(var, "吸纳", production.left[0])
                    getFollowForVar(production.left[0], varset, terminalset, first_dic, production_list, follow_dic,
                                    done)
                    follow_dic[var] = follow_dic[var] | follow_dic[production.left[0]]
  
    done[var] = 1

数独求解程序详细流程

接下来详细解析程序的具体执行流程。

程序的整体处理架构如下图所示：

程序读取图像后，首先根据轮廓信息定位数字所在区域以及空白区域。接着提取数字特征，通过KNN（K近邻）算法识别具体数字；对于无数字信息的区域，在列表中置为0。最终生成未求解的数独列表，调用求解器计算出答案，并将结果重新绘制显示在原图中。


def initProduction():
    production_list = []
    production = Production(["A1"], ["A"], 0)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["A"], ["E", "I", "(", ")", "{", "D", "}"], 1)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["E"], ["int"], 2)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["E"], ["float"], 3)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["D"], ["D", ";", "B"], 4)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["B"], ["F"], 5)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["B"], ["G"], 6)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["B"], ["M"], 7)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["F"], ["E", "I"], 8)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["G"], ["I", "=", "P"], 9)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["P"], ["K"], 10)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["P"], ["K", "+", "P"], 11)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["P"], ["K", "-", "P"], 12)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["I"], ["id"], 13)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["K"], ["I"], 14)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["K"], ["number"], 15)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["K"], ["floating"], 16)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["M"], ["while", "(", "T", ")", "{", "D", ";", "}"], 18)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["N"], ["if", "(", "T", ")", "{", "D",";", "}", "else", "{", "D", ";","}"], 19)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["T"], ["K", "L", "K"], 20)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["L"], [">"], 21)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["L"], ["<"], 22)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["L"], [">="], 23)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["L"], ["<="], 24)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["L"], ["=="], 25)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["D"], ["B"], 26)
    production_list.append(production)
    production = Production(["B"], ["N"], 27)
    production_list.append(production)
    return production_list
 
 
source = [[5, "int", " 关键字"], [1, "lexicalanalysis", " 标识符"], [13, "(", " 左括号"], [14, ")", " 右括号"], [20, "{", " 左大括号"],
          [4, "float", " 关键字"], [1, "a", " 标识符"], [15, ";", " 分号"], [5, "int", " 关键字"], [1, "b", " 标识符"],
          [15, ";", " 分号"], [1, "a", " 标识符"], [12, "=", " 赋值号"], [3, "1.1", " 浮点数"], [15, ";", " 分号"], [1, "b", " 标识符"],
          [12, "=", " 赋值号"], [2, "2", " 整数"], [15, ";", " 分号"], [8, "while", "  关键字"], [13, "(", " 左括号"],
          [1, "b", " 标识符"], [17, "<", " 小于号"], [2, "100", " 整数"], [14, ")", " 右括号"], [20, "{", " 左大括号"],
          [1, "b", " 标识符"], [12, "=", " 赋值号"], [1, "b", " 标识符"], [9, "+", " 加 号"], [2, "1", " 整数"], [15, ";", " 分号"],
          [1, "a", " 标识符"], [12, "=", " 赋值号"], [1, "a", " 标识符"], [9, "+", " 加号"], [2, "3", " 整数"], [15, ";", " 分号"],
          [21, "}", " 右大括号"], [15, ";", " 分号"], [6, "if", " 关键字"], [13, "(", " 左括号"], [1, "a", " 标识符"],
          [16, ">", " 大于号"], [2, "5", " 整数"], [14, ")", " 右括号"], [20, "{", " 左大括号"], [1, "b", " 标识符"],
          [12, "=", " 赋值号"], [1, "b", " 标识符"], [10, "-", " 减号"], [2, "1", " 整数"], [15, ";", " 分号"], [21, "}", " 右大括号"],
          [7, "else", " 关键字"], [20, "{", " 左大括号"], [1, "b", " 标识符"], [12, "=", " 赋值号"], [1, "b", " 标识符"],
          [9, "+", " 加号"], [2, "1", " 整数"], [15, ";", " 分号"], [21, "}", " 右大括号"], [21, "}", " 右大括号"]]

以上即为利用Python进行图像识别并处理数独的完整流程，更多关于Python识别条形码及相关技术的资料，欢迎查阅本站其他文章。