Python实现KNN分类算法：原理、优化与代码详解

1.5 40 thin
1.5 50 fat
1.5 60 fat
1.6 40 thin
1.6 50 thin
1.6 60 fat
1.6 70 fat
1.7 50 thin
1.7 60 thin
1.7 70 fat
1.7 80 fat
1.8 60 thin
1.8 70 thin
1.8 80 fat
1.8 90 fat
1.9 80 thin
1.9 90 fat

import numpy as np
from sklearn import neighbors
from sklearn.metrics import precision_recall_curve
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report
from sklearn.cross_validation import train_test_split
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
''' 数据读入 '''
data = []
labels = []
with open("data\\1.txt") as ifile:
 for line in ifile:
  tokens = line.strip().split(' ')
  data.append([float(tk) for tk in tokens[:-1]])
  labels.append(tokens[-1])
x = np.array(data)
labels = np.array(labels)
y = np.zeros(labels.shape)
 
''' 标签转换为0/1 '''
y[labels=='fat']=1
 
''' 拆分训练数据与测试数据 '''
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x, y, test_size = 0.2)
 
''' 创建网格以方便绘制 '''
h = .01
x_min, x_max = x[:, 0].min() - 0.1, x[:, 0].max() + 0.1
y_min, y_max = x[:, 1].min() - 1, x[:, 1].max() + 1
xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.arange(x_min, x_max, h),
   np.arange(y_min, y_max, h))
 
''' 训练KNN分类器 '''
clf = neighbors.KNeighborsClassifier(algorithm='kd_tree')
clf.fit(x_train, y_train)
 
'''测试结果的打印'''
answer = clf.predict(x)
print(x)
print(answer)
print(y)
print(np.mean( answer == y))
 
'''准确率与召回率'''
precision, recall, thresholds = precision_recall_curve(y_train, clf.predict(x_train))
answer = clf.predict_proba(x)[:,1]
print(classification_report(y, answer, target_names = ['thin', 'fat']))
 
''' 将整个测试空间的分类结果用不同颜色区分开'''
answer = clf.predict_proba(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()])[:,1]
z = answer.reshape(xx.shape)
plt.contourf(xx, yy, z, cmap=plt.cm.Paired, alpha=0.8)
 
''' 绘制训练样本 '''
plt.scatter(x_train[:, 0], x_train[:, 1], c=y_train, cmap=plt.cm.Paired)
plt.xlabel(u'身高')
plt.ylabel(u'体重')
plt.show()